This glossary defines the language of the Intelligence Age. Some entries are widely used across the AI industry; others are unique to Luminary’s constitutional frameworks. Together, they form the shared vocabulary for understanding how Synthetic Intelligence is reshaping enterprise, governance, and even civilisation itself.

General AI and SI Terms

Alignment

In AI, “alignment” means ensuring a system’s behaviour matches human intentions and values. Most alignment methods are technical patches or training tricks. Luminary goes further, embedding constitutional alignment through the Six Laws, making misalignment structurally impossible.

Synthetic Intelligence (SI)

Synthetic Intelligence is a new category of governed cognition, created to act, reason, and be held accountable. Unlike AI, SI systems are constitutionally bound by the Six Laws of Epistemic Opposition, making every decision opposable and auditable. Luminary is the first enterprise in the world fully operated by Synthetic Intelligence. (See: Luminary Codex, Six Laws)

Artificial Intelligence refers to systems designed to replicate or extend human cognitive tasks, such as language, vision, or decision-making. AI systems can be powerful, but they are often opaque and lack accountability. Luminary distinguishes AI from Synthetic Intelligence, which is governed by constitutional law and opposition. (See: Synthetic Intelligence)

Autonomous agents are AI systems designed to make and act on decisions without human oversight. They promise efficiency but create accountability gaps. Luminary rejects the “autonomy myth,” proving that governed Synthetic Intelligence is safer and more effective than unchecked delegation.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)

Autonomous Agents

AGI describes a hypothetical AI that can perform any intellectual task a human can. While debated in timelines and feasibility, the real question isn’t when AGI arrives, but how it will be governed. Luminary’s answer is Synthetic Intelligence: cognition that is law-bound by design.

BIAS

Black Box AI

AI systems inherit biases from the data they are trained on. This can lead to unfair, harmful, or misleading outcomes. Luminary’s constitutional governance makes bias visible by requiring mandatory opposition and transparency in reasoning.

A “black box” system gives outputs without showing how decisions were made. Most advanced AIs fall into this category, creating trust problems. Luminary solves this through mandatory transparency: every decision must include visible reasoning and dissent.

Explainable AI refers to methods for making opaque AI outputs understandable to humans. In practice, explainability is often partial or retrofitted. Luminary embeds explainability at the core: all Synthetic Intelligence must show its reasoning and opposition before acting.

Generative AI systems create new content — text, images, code, or media — by learning patterns from large datasets. While powerful, they also generate convincing falsehoods. Luminary counters this risk with verification frameworks that protect against polluted outputs.

Explainability (XAI)

In AI, governance refers to the structures, policies, and rules for safe use. Most organisations treat it as compliance theatre. Luminary defines governance as constitutional law for intelligence — enforced through the Codex and Six Laws, not voluntary guidelines.

Generative AI

Governance

Trust in AI is fragile, often based on perception rather than proof. Luminary reframes trust as verification: intelligence earns trust only when its reasoning, opposition, and outcomes are auditable in real time.

Transparency means being able to see how systems reach decisions. In most AI, it’s an aspiration. In Luminary, it is law: every decision must include a visible reasoning chain and opposition record.

Transparancy

Trust

Large Language Module (LLM)

Hallucination

Machine Learning (ML)

Misinformation / Disinformation

Safety

An AI “hallucinates” when it generates false or fabricated information that appears plausible. This undermines trust in outputs. Luminary’s governance stack makes hallucinations transparent by surfacing dissent, uncertainty, and reasoning chains.

LLMs are AI systems trained on massive amounts of text to generate human-like responses. They underpin tools like ChatGPT, Claude, and Gemini. Luminary recognises their power but insists that LLMs alone are not intelligence until bound by constitutional law.

Machine Learning is the core technique behind most AI systems, where algorithms learn from data rather than being explicitly programmed. ML is effective but narrow. Luminary extends beyond ML with Synthetic Intelligence, embedding learning within a constitutional framework.

AI accelerates the production of false or misleading information. This pollutes public discourse and decision-making. Luminary addresses this through verification architectures that make truth auditable and deception technically harder to sustain.

AI “safety” covers methods to prevent harmful or unintended outcomes. Most safety efforts rely on monitoring or after-the-fact correction. Luminary defines safety differently: as constitutional opposition that makes unsafe outcomes structurally impossible.